HP Z1 G2 HP's powerful, user-upgradable all-in-one workstation PC.

The HP Z1 workstation caused quite a stir when it launched two years ago, since it's the only all-in-one that can be easily upgraded by its owner.
The 'Z' in its name applies to all HP's professional workstations, but also to the shape of the hinge in the Z1 - you fold the screen over, lower it, open two latches at the base of the display, then the screen pops away from the rest of the unit, revealing its internal components.
Plastic handles are attached to the power supply, graphics card, 3.5-inch storage caddy and the main fan assembly, which all lift out with a firm tug.
With the HP Z1 G2, this unique design has been retained, but with a better overall specification, including more powerful graphics cards and up-to-date processors, 802.11ac wireless and 20Gb/s Thunderbolt 2 ports that make the HP Z1 G2 more useful as a replacement for a traditional desktop workstation than the previous version.

Design and Spec

The HP Z1 G2 has a black plastic chassis at the front, with a single aluminium plate covering the back, and an HP logo in the centre. It's extremely bulky, weighing 21.3 kg, and the main unit is far thicker than most all-in-one designs.
There are two USB 3 ports on the right, along with two 3.5mm audio connectors and an SD card slot. A removable DVD or Blu-ray writer is on the left, and there are more ports at the bottom: 4 USB 2, Ethernet, Displayport and 3 more analogue audio connectors, along with optical audio. These ports at the bottom are hard to reach, as they're positioned around the back of the unit close to the stand.
The defining characteristic of an all-in-one is its screen, so colour, brightness and contrast levels have to be accurate if the system is going to be useful for graphic design. The LED-backlit 27-in IPS panel in the HP Z1 G2 is manufactured by LG, with a maximum pixel-resolution of 2560 x 1440. It can be ordered with or without touch sensors.
There's a six-speaker sound bar directly below the screen and a 1080p HD webcam built into the top, which takes 2MP still photos. HP bundles a wireless chunky keyboard and a fairly bog-standard mouse with the HP Z1 G2.

HP hasn't unhinged the Z1 G2

Typically there are a range of CPU and graphics options available, from Intel Core i3 processors with integrated HD4400 graphics, up to Intel Xeons with discrete Nvidia Quadro graphics cards. Up to 32GB of ECC memory is available too, and there are a range of SSD and hard disk options available.
High-end HP Z1 G2 models will prove most interesting to design studios, and is exactly what we received, along with 16GB of non-ECC DDR3 system memory. They're also pricey, since the HP Z1 G2 config sent to us, with a 3.4 GHz quad-core Intel Xeon E3-1245 v3 processor, Quadro K4100M, 16GB of memory, 256GB Micron mSATA SSD and 1TB Western Digital VelociRaptor HDD comes to £4100 inc VAT ($7070) (including VAT).
That might sound expensive, but it's part of the territory with design workstations. Intel Xeon processors cost more than Core i7 chips, and are required for ECC memory support, which is crucial for engineering markets, where even the tiniest memory error in a blueprint could have catastrophic safety consequences.
If you would prefer a more affordable version, HP's US site lists a Z1 G2 with a dual-core Intel Core i3 4130 processor, 500GB hard disk and Intel HD4400 integrated graphics for £1406 inc VAT ($2398).
The Quadro K4100M explains the large difference in price, as it's the most powerful card you can have fitted in the HP Z1 G2. It's not really for gaming, but has certified drivers for guaranteed performance in design applications and Cuda support to accelerate functions in software that supports it.
Part of the second wave of Nvidia mobile graphics cards based on the 'Kepler' architecture, the Quadro K4100M has 1152 shaders, a 256-bit memory bus and 4GB of GDDR5 memory.
Although the Quadro is removable, its MXM (mobile PCI-Express) connector means it can't be swapped out with a standard off-the-shelf graphics card, and similarly the LGA 1150 processor is limited to the range available when you order.
That's the only major restriction though. You can fit either a single 3.5in hard drive, or two 2.5in drives into the HP Z1 G2. Thunderbolt 2 connectors are a real benefit too, given the bandwidth they offer. Hook up the HP Z1 G2 to an ultrafast external storage array such as a Promise Pegasus R2, and you'll get faster speeds than with a typical NAS over gigabit ethernet.

3D Performance

We tested every piece of hardware in the HP Z1 G2 with synthetic benchmarks and real applications to get a feel for its performance in 3D design software. The big question for design studios is whether the HP Z1 G2 is a worthy replacement for a traditional desktop workstation.
Having an all-in-one is a lot more convenient, as it significantly reduces cable clutter and frees up space in the office, but it's not worth it if you can no longer use the software applications your business relies upon.
Graphics card performance is usually higher when using a processor with a high clock speed rather than a large number of CPU cores. The HP Z1 G2 is limited to a single four-core CPU though, possibly because of the difficulty in fitting a motherboard that could support a more advanced Intel Xeon E5 or E7 CPU into an all-in-one chassis.
In Cinebench 15 the combination of the high clock speed of the Intel Xeon E3-1245 v3 and the power of the Nvidia Quadro K4100M included in the HP Z1 G2 produced a result of 661 in the CPU test and a score of 107 fps in the OpenGL test.
In comparison a desktop workstation with a pair of lower-clocked dual Intel Xeon E5 2670W processors, with a total of 20 cores but only running at 2.5 GHz, managed 93.6 fps in the same test. That said, its CPU score was considerably higher: 2772.
SPECViewPerf, a benchmark suite of tests that mimics real-world applications, was 25 percent to 33 percent quicker on the HP Z1 G2 as well.
3DS Max is a great CPU test as it efficiently makes use of multiple cores. The advantage of additional CPU cores really starts to show with more detailed modelling work.
We rendered a few scenes on the HP Z1 G2, the bundled Underwater test scene and the Studio scene, in both default resolution and 1080p. At standard resolution, the total time of four minutes 28 seconds is exactly twice the length of time the aforementioned 20-core desktop workstation took, and at 1080p it took close to 20 minutes on the HP Z1 G2, a task the workstation chewed through in under eight minutes.
3DMark results were similar to our other 3D tests. 3818 points in the taxing Fire Strike benchmark is an excellent result.
But it's not all good news on the 3D front. While a Quadro is a great choice for 3D modelling software, it's not a gaming card. We ran the built-in Tomb Raider benchmark on both High and Ultimate detail settings, at 1080p and 720p. At 1080p on HP Z1 G2 struggled to hit 30 fps on Ultimate detail, and only produced 60 fps consistently at 720p with the detail setting turned down.
If you're primarily looking for an all-in-one that's great for gaming, the HP Z1 G2 is not the best choice.

Display Performance

Although we used a colorimeter to accurately test the display, the superb image quality and bright picture is obvious from the moment you start using the HP Z1 G2. The colorimeter results confirmed what our eyes told us - 440 cd/m2 is an exceptionally high maximum brightness level.
With 590:1 contrast, a Delta E reading of 1.09, 100 percent sRGB coverage, 84 percent AdobeRGB and 76 percent NTSC, the colour reproduction doesn't beat the greatest professional-quality displays, although it's still good enough for professional use.
But the uniform brightness is an excellent result. Our colorimeter only measured a maximum dip in brightness by 4.2 percent in the bottom left corner, when cheap displays can sometimes vary by a lot more.

Storage and wireless

The Micron SSD didn't perform as well as the fasted drives on the market. In CrystalDiskMark, we recorded a sequential transfer read speed of 430 MB/s but a write speed of 232 MB/s. A top-end SSD such as the Samsung 840 Pro manages 520 MB/s read and 500 MB/s write speeds.
The Western Digital VelociRaptor hard disk on the other hand managed far better. Its 10,000 RPM spindle speed and 64MB cache produced some great results - over 200 MB/s sequential read and write speeds.
The beauty of the HP Z1 G2 is that you aren't limited by the options available from HP. While you can't fit both a 2.5in SSD and a VelociRaptor, since Western Digital encloses the VelociRaptor in a heatsink that uses an entire 3.5in drive bay, you can opt for a faster 2.5in SSD and a 2.5in hard disk, or replace the mSATA Micron SSD with a different brand.
We also tested the wireless card, and measured 398 Mb/s in a file transfer test, using a LinkSys EA6900 router. While 802.11ac can go faster, and we expect most studios will use traditional wired networking, it's still great to see wireless speeds that are much faster than 802.11n.

We Liked

As a high-end workstation, the HP Z1 G2 is a great update from its predecessor. Having a faster Quadro K4100M GPU makes all the difference for 3D design.
Although it's a pricey addition (£140 for the IO card), the option of 20 Gb/s Thunderbolt 2 is almost too fast to resist and the option of 32GB of ECC memory is essential for mission-critical design work.
The screen is mostly excellent as well with high brightness levels that really blow you away.
And the ability to open up the HP Z1 G2, add extra storage, swap out hard disks, or simply clean the dust out is very useful and a great achievement on HP's part.
But perhaps the best aspect of the HP Z1 G2 is how it's the only all-in-one that offers workstation-class performance. There aren't many other all-in-ones with ECC memory, Xeon processors or Quadro cards.

We disliked

The limits on the CPU and GPU upgrade paths prevent the HP Z1 G2 from completely surpassing traditional desktop workstations. While a 20-core behemoth of a computer isn't necessary to run Call Of Duty, it might be for CAD engineers at Pixar, Ferrari or Boeing, but the HP Z1 G2 is limited to four cores only.
Similarly, with only four memory slots, a practical limit of 32GB memory is a problem if your workload is particularly demanding. Desktop workstations can now be ordered with 128GB, and there are indeed many studios that require that much.
Therefore it could be argued that the user-upgradeable design of the HP Z1 G2 is ever so slightly gimmicky. It's still not as flexible as a traditional desktop computer.
With the high speeds possible from external Thunderbolt 2 devices, internal storage isn't quite as important as it once was. But having said that, it's great to see upgradeable internals is an option rather than a restriction.
The entire unit is ridiculously bulky. The mechanism for folding the unit over in order to lift up the screen requires a really hard push, and the components take some force to pull out from their locations. At one point we were worried we'd broken this expensive computer because the Quadro K4100M became stuck (don't worry HP, we fixed it).
It's also worth noting that the Xeon v3 processor is based on Intel's Ivy Bridge design, rather than the newer Haswell architecture. Although Haswell has produced only small improvements to desktop processor performance, it's not yet available for the Xeon lineup.

Verdict

Although the first-generation HP Z1 felt like a proof of concept, the HP Z1 G2 is a truly powerful all-in-one. It may not be quite enough to make desktop 3D workstations obsolete, but it undoubtedly has a place in design studios.
It goes toe-to-toe with Apple's most high-end 27-inch 2013 iMac which can be configured with a Core i7 processor, and Nvidia GTX 780M graphics card. That machine might make a better choice for gaming (when running Windows in bootcamp mode) but it lacks ECC memory support or upgradeable storage.
Having an upgradeable all-in-one is refreshing when so many other manufacturers choose to seal their units shut, allowing only memory upgrades at most. We'd love to see HP produce a gaming-focused version of the Z1, and refine the design to make it less bulky (perhaps with a slightly smaller screen).